Main results of scientific activity
1. Physics of superfluidity
• Detection of a new collective mode in He II
in narrow channels under conditions of partial deceleration of the
normal component.
• Restoration of the energy spectrum of superfluid solutions of 3He
- 4He from systematic measurements of the density of the
normal component and the detection of the end point of the Fermi branch
of the spectrum.
• Proposal and implementation of the method of studying the phase
diagrams of liquid solutions of 3He in 4He using
NMR.
• Identification of the main dissipative processes in superfluid
solutions of 3He in 4He in the waves of the first,
second and fourth sounds.
• Pioneering studies of the kinetics of the phonon-impurity system of
superfluid solutions and the discovery of a new two-stage relaxation
process.
• Detection of new features of He II superfluid transfer across a film
in an alternating electric field.
• Determination of the anomalous dispersion of the phonon spectrum of
superfluid solutions of 3He - 4He and its
connection with kinetic processes.
• Observation of a metastable long-living superfluid fluid and
elucidation of the mechanisms of nucleation during the separation of
superfluid solutions.
• Detection of convective instability in stratified superfluid 3He
– 4He solutions when heated from the bottom.
• Identification of the mechanisms of temperature and concentration
relaxation in superfluid solutions of 3He - 4He at
temperatures below 0.5 K.
• Detection of the mechanic-electric effect in superfluid helium
(appearance of an electrical response) in the presence of a temperature
gradient.
• Observation of turbulent flow formation and identification of
dissipative processes in superfluid solutions of helium isotopes.
• Detection of resonant excitation of rotons by microwave
electromagnetic wave in superfluid helium.
• Observation of the evolution of collective modes in superfluid helium
filling a highly porous aerogel.
• Identification of relaxation processes in the phonon-phonon system He
II.
• Observation of condensation of 3He impurities on quantized
vortices in superfluid weak solutions of 3He in 4He.
• Detection of intermediate flow regime in the process of formation of
superfluid turbulence, due to the formation of a coil of quantized
vortices of high density.
• Establishing the dissipative mechanisms under oscillations of a quartz tuning fork immersed in superfluid helium and liquid mixtures 3He - 4He
2. Physics of quantum crystals
• Discovery of the phenomenon of quantum
diffusion of 3He impurities in solid mixtures of 3He
in 4He.
• Detection of a huge difference in the diffusion coefficients of 3He
in the coexisting bcc and hcp phases of solid helium.
• Establishment of the essential role of dislocations in the thermal
conductivity of solid 4He and solutions of 3He -
4He.
• Detection of the effect of self-localization of impurities in hcp
helium crystals at low temperatures and their delocalization due to
interaction with phonons under increasing temperature.
• Detection of a correlation between the phase separation rate and the
quantum diffusion of impuritons in 3He - 4He solid
solutions;
• Detection of non-monotonic temperature dependence of the decomposition
rate of weak solid solutions of 3He in 4He.
• Observation of anomalously fast mass transfer during dissolution of
solid 3He clusters in a stratified solution of helium
isotopes.
• Observation of a fast diffusion process in solid solutions of 3He
in 4He near the bcc – hcp transition.
• Detection of anomaly in the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice
relaxation in the concentrated phase of the decomposed 3He -
4He solid solution.
• Proof of homogeneous nucleation due to decomposition of solid 3He
– 4He mixtures.
• Observation of Andreev – Pushkarov nanoclusters consisting of 4He
atoms around quasi-equilibrium vacancies.
• Detection of the giant asymmetry of the processes of decay and
homogenization of solutions of quantum crystals.
• The first observation of multi-echo NMR in a stratified 3He
- 4He solid solution.
• Detection of correlation effects in the excitation subsystem due to
large-scale concentration fluctuations in 3He - 4He
solid solutions.
• Detection of liquid-like inclusions in hardened hcp samples of 3He
- 4He.
• Proof of homogeneous nucleation at the bcc – hcp transition in 4He.
Investigation of conditions for homo- and heterogeneous nucleation.
• Detection of the disordered (glass) phase in solid 4He in
the supersolid region.
• Determination of the mass diffusion coefficients for the decomposition
of solid solutions of helium isotopes in the entire concentration range
of 3He.
• Observation of the evolution of the phase composition and the
formation of a glass-like state in the solid helium system — liquid
inclusions in the region of existence of the bcc phase of solid helium.
• Detection of the quantum creep mechanism of solid helium at
temperatures below 0.2 K.
3. Physics of low-dimensional charged systems on the surface of liquid helium
• Determination of the nature of the interaction of 3He
impurities with charged particles on the basis of measuring the ion
mobility in superfluid helium and solutions of 3He in 4He.
• Detection of electron-ripplon interaction in a two-dimensional system
of electrons over liquid helium.
• Construction of the phase diagram of the liquid - electron crystal at
ultra low temperatures.
• The first information on the conductivity and resonance properties of
an electron crystal over liquid helium in nonlinear modes was obtained.
• Detection of new modes of coupled electron ripplon oscillations in a
Wigner crystal on the helium surface.
• Detection of a new optical mode of edge magnetoplasma oscillations in
a two-dimensional electron crystal.
• Implementation of a quasi-one-dimensional electron system over liquid
helium and the study of its transport properties.
• Detection of the effect of limited geometry on collective and kinetic
phenomena in multilevel two-dimensional and one-dimensional surface
electron systems over massive helium and helium film.
• Creation of a generator and a highly sensitive detector of
electromagnetic radiation using electrons localized above the surface of
superfluid helium.
• Creation of a bolometer in the infrared range, based on spectroscopic
transitions of surface electrons over liquid helium.
• Detection of the localization-delocalization transition in the
electron layer above the superfluid helium film.
• Detection of the anomalous nature of electron transfer in
quasi-one-dimensional channels over superfluid helium.
• Establishing the effect of the screening effects of the Coulomb
interaction on the spectrum of plasma oscillations of electrons
localized over a helium film.
• Detection of the autolocalized state of quasi-one-dimensional surface
electrons in dense helium gas.
• Observation of the anomalous conductivity of electrons in
quasi-one-dimensional conducting channels over liquid helium in the
presence of inhomogeneous potential along the channel.
• Establishment of the dependence of the nonlinear conductivity of a
system of electrons over liquid helium under electron-ripplon scattering
conditions.
• Detection of non-equilibrium phase transitions in a two-dimensional
electron crystal over liquid helium, stimulated by electric fields.
• Research of features of transport and structural properties of two-dimensional electronic system in restricted geometry, including in narrow channels.
4. Technique and methods of experiment at ultra low temperatures
1. Development and creation of new refrigerators for physical research at ultra-low temperatures:
• continuous dilution refrigerator with adsorption pumping to temperatures of 10 mK;2. Development of original devices for low-temperature physical experiment:
• miniature cryogenic pneumatic valve, dense
for superfluid helium;
• helium cryostat without nitrogen cooling;
• anti-vibration protection system of the refrigerator;
• detachable conical thermal contacts for low temperatures.
3. New methods:
• method of growing high-quality crystals from
superfluid helium;
• osmotic method of changing the concentration of superfluid solutions
directly during the experiment;
• a technique for improving the quality of crystals of two-phase solid
mixtures of 3He - 4He using thermal cycling in the
region of phase separation;
• a method for measuring ultralow diffusion values in solid mixtures of
3He - 4He using a pulsed magnetic field gradient;
• method of direct measurement of the coefficient of self-diffusion in
solid helium using a moving porous membrane.
• molecular dynamics method for studying the structural and resonant properties of low-dimensional charged systems in helium.